When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. Credit: YueStock Shutterstock Evolution is the way groups of life-forms change over time to ...
Billions of years ago, the molecular building blocks of life emerged from a complex web of chemical and geological processes. This transformation laid the foundation for biological systems, ...
The cool conditions which have allowed ice caps to form on Earth are rare events in the planet's history and require many complex processes working at once, according to new research. The cool ...
Landscape evolution represents the dynamic interplay between tectonic forces, climate, and surface processes that continuously reshape the Earth’s topography. Central to this evolution is the ...
Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. David Bressan is a geologist who covers curiosities about Earth. The chemistry of crystals in some of Earth’s oldest rocks may ...
Along 1,100 kilometers, from Mexico to Costa Rica, lies the Central American volcanic arc, where the variety of magma types make for a geological paradise. By Pablo Fonseca Q. / Knowable Magazine ...
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge in Iceland. This area is the boundary between the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, which move apart ~ 2.5 cm/year. Subduction and the formation of continents, a ...
Measuring the pace of evolution is tricky, but some species can evolve as quickly as a few generations. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it ...
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