Fear memories can form in the brain following exposure to threatening situations such as natural disasters, accidents, or violence. When these memories become excessive or distorted, they can lead to ...

The brain's ability to adapt and form new neural connections allows it to recover from injury and maintain cognitive function into old age. Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to adapt and ...

Stanford Medicine investigators have replicated, in a lab dish, one of the most prominent human nervous pathways for sensing pain. This nerve circuit transmits sensations from the body’s skin to the ...

Stroke and spinal cord injuries can severely impair motor functions, and understanding how to promote recovery is a critical challenge. While damaged neurons in the brain and spinal cord have limited ...

When engineers build AI language models like GPT-5 from training data, at least two major processing features emerge: memorization (reciting exact text they’ve seen before, like famous quotes or ...