Sex in the garden is more straightforward for the birds and the bees than it’s for the plants. Reproductive processes vary among flowering plants; for many, there is more than one option. When ...

Flowering plants, or angiosperms, are a clade of seed-producing vascular plants characterized by flowers, enclosed ovules, and fruits that develop from ovaries. They exhibit double fertilization, ...

The angiosperms are the most recently derived plant group, originating some 160 million years ago and becoming widespread around 120 million years ago. Angiosperm means “enclosed seed,” referring to ...

You might think flowers don’t have much choice about who they mate with, given they are rooted to the ground and can’t move. But when scientists from Nagoya, Japan used powerful microscopes to study ...

In the flowering plant world, reproduction means an intricate succession of events. It begins when a pollen grain that carries the sperm cells lands on the top of the pistil, the female reproductive ...