Hawkes processes represent a class of self-exciting point processes wherein each event increases the likelihood of subsequent events occurring over a short period. Initially developed by Alan Hawkes ...

In many social sciences, such as psychology and economics, there is an ongoing debate between whether a model should be based on Normative or Process analyses. A normative model is one which asks what ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Writes about the future of finance and technology, follow for more. Joint probability teaches us to calculate combined outcomes.