Manufacturing involves the conversion of raw materials, usually supplied in simple or shapeless forms, into finished products with specific shape, structure, and properties that fulfill given ...

A new composite ionic liquid (IL) alkylation process has been proven in a pilot plant and retrofitted into an existing 65,000-tonne/year H2SO4 alkylation unit in China. This article discusses the new ...

Integrated processes are those that combine more than one specific unit process into a single piece of equipment or into a group of work stations that are operated under unified control (NRC, 1992).