Mud blister worms make their homes in the shells of oysters and other shellfish, where they weaken their hosts.

For a long time, scientists believed that parasitic relationships between marine species developed much later in Earth’s history. But new fossil evidence from Morocco suggests otherwise. A recent ...

Polychaete worms, particularly those belonging to the family Spionidae, represent a significant challenge to marine mollusks through their shell-boring habits. These annelids penetrate the calcareous ...