Not everyone diagnosed with “iron deficiency” actually needs more iron but that doesn’t mean copper is the answer for everyone either. Here’s the real biology. Copper plays a critical role in iron metabolism. It’s required for enzymes like ceruloplasmin and hephaestin, which help move iron out of storage (liver, macrophages) and into the bloodstream so it can be used to make red blood cells. When copper is deficient, iron can become trapped in storage, leading to low circulating iron despite nor

There isn’t a lot of formal research specifically linking iron infusions to altered HRT effects, after some reading and thought there are some plausible that may explain what’s happening. 1. Iron infusions and oestrogen metabolism ✅Iron is a cofactor in liver enzyme systems (particularly cytochrome P450 enzymes) involved in oestrogen metabolism. → After an infusion, as ferritin and transferrin saturation rise, liver enzyme activity can temporarily shift meaning oestrogen might be metabolised dif

IRE/IRP System - Regulation of Intracellular Iron Homeostasis | Iron Metabolism